Lihlahisoa tse holimo ka ho fetisisa ke sehlopha se makatsang.Hang ha tlhahiso e ka holimo ho noka e koetsoe, bo-ralichelete, lifeme tse ka tlaase ho noka, esita le bareki ba tla “phatlalatsa lithunya tsa bona”!Joalo ka ketane ea indasteri ea likoloi tse ncha tse chesang ka ho fetesisa, khaello ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa lithium betri e tlisitse mathata a maholo tlhahisong ea libeteri tsa matla, tse khomaretseng molala oa indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa matla.Haeba e le conduction ea longitudinal feela, ho lokile!Ho makatsang ke hore thepa le eona e ka thibelana.Ka mohlala, ho tloha selemong sena, ho theoha ha theko ea peterole Brazil ho bile le phello e hlokomelehang thekong ea tsoekere!
1. Mokhoa oa Phetiso ea Tšusumetso ea Theko ea Oli e Sehlahisoang ka Theko ea Tsoekere
Lintho tse nang le tsoekere (tsoekere/beet) li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa tsoekere le ethanol, 'me ethanol e sebelisoa haholo ho tsoaka ha peterole.Ka ho khothaletsoa ha ethanol linaheng tse hlahisang tsoekere lefatšeng ka bophara, karolo ea ethanol e tsoang 'mobeng e eketsehile haholo.Joaloka "morena oa lihlahisoa", ho fetoha ha theko ea oli e tala ho tla ama theko ea peterole, kahoo e fetisetsa theko ea ethanol, 'me qetellong e ama theko ea tsoekere.Nakong e tlang, theko ea lihlahisoa tsa temo e tla amana haufi-ufi le theko ea oli e tala.
Logic ea tšusumetso ea theko ea oli e tala ka theko ea tsoekere:
1) Joalo ka thepa e tala e holimo, theko ea peterole e hloekisitsoeng e ipapisitse le oli e tala.
2) Ho ts'oana le mochini oa theko ea oli e hloekisitsoeng lapeng, theko ea peterole ea lehae ea Brazil e khethoa ke Petrobras ho ipapisitsoe le karolelano e boima ea litheko tsa oli e tala ea US (WTI), oli e tala ea Brent (BRENT) le peterole e sa hlahisoang ke US (RBOB).
3) Naheng ea Brazil, ka lehlakoreng la tlhahiso, ts'ebetso ea ho hatella 'moba ea limilone tse ngata tsa tsoekere e ka fetola karolelano ea tlhahiso ea ethanol le tsoekere.Ho latela pono ea bokhoni ba lifeme tsa naha tsa tsoekere, mefuta e fapaneng ea phetoho ea karolo ea bona ea tlhahiso ea tsoekere e ka ba 34% - 50%.Phetoho haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka phapang ea theko pakeng tsa tsoekere le ethanol - ha theko ea tsoekere e phahame haholo ho feta ea ethanol, lifeme tsa tsoekere tsa Brazil li tla eketsa tlhahiso ea tsoekere;Ha theko ea tsoekere e le haufi le ea ethanol, liloala tsa tsoekere li tla hlahisa ethanol e ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang;Ha litheko tsa tse peli li le haufi, hobane boholo ba thekiso ea ethanol e le Brazil, lifeme tsa tsoekere li ka tlosa chelete ka potlako, ha karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo ea tlhahiso ea tsoekere e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho romela kantle ho naha, 'me lebelo la pokello ea tefo le tla fokotseha butle.Ka hona, ha lifeme tse ngata tsa tsoekere naheng e kholo, li atisa ho hlahisa ethanol.Qetellong, bakeng sa Brazil, tokiso ea karolo ea 1% ea tlhahiso ea tsoekere e tla ama lithane tse limilione tse 75-80 tsa lifeme tsa tsoekere.Ka hona, tlas’a maemo a feteletseng, lifeme tsa tsoekere li ka fetola tlhahiso ea tsoekere ea lithane tse limilione tse 11-12 ntle le ho fetola kotulo ea ’moba, ’me sekhahla sena sa phetoho se lekana le tlhahiso ea tsoekere ea Chaena ka selemo.Hoa bonahala hore tlhahiso ea ethanol ea Brazil e na le tšusumetso e kholo phepelong ea tsoekere ea lefats'e le tlhoko.
4) Bakeng sa Brazil, ethanol e felletseng e kopanngoa le peterole e hloekileng (peterole A) ho etsa peterole C (27%);Ho phaella moo, seteisheneng sa khase, bareki ba ka khetha ka mokhoa o bonolo ho kenya peterole ea mofuta oa C kapa ethanol ea hydrous ka tanka ea mafura, 'me khetho e itšetlehile haholo ka moruo oa bobeli - boleng ba khalori ea ethanol ke hoo e ka bang 0,7 ea peterole.Ka hona, ha tekanyo ea theko ea ethanol ea hydrous ho mofuta oa C-peterole e ka tlaase ho 0.7, bareki ba tla eketsa tšebeliso ea ethanol le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea peterole;ka ho fapanyetsana
5) Ho phaella Brazil, India, European Union le linaha tse ling le tsona li khothalletsa tlhahiso ea ethanol.Bakeng sa United States, e le naha e hlahisang ethanol e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, thepa e tala e itšetlehile ka poone, empa theko ea ethanol ea poone United States e boetse e angoa ke litheko tsa matla.Qetellong, ho na le phallo ea khoebo pakeng tsa ethanol ea poone ea United States le ethanol ea 'moba oa Brazil.Ethanol ya Amerika e ka romelwa Brazil, mme ethanol ya Brazil le yona e ka romelwa United States.Tataiso ea ho kenya le ho romela kantle e ipapisitse le phapang ea theko lipakeng tsa tse peli.
Ha ho se na likhohlano tse ncha tsa motheo, bofokoli ba hajoale ba 'maraka oa nakoana oa tsoekere bo amana haufi le ho theoha ha litheko tsa oli.Ha theko ea oli e sa tsoakoang e tsitsa, 'maraka oa naha le oa kantle ho naha o lebelletsoe ho nyoloha hape.
2. Maano a linaha tse kholo tse hlahisang litholoana a ka fetoha, 'me sehlooho sa 'maraka oa tsoekere ke "bocha"
Ho ea ka libaka tse chesang tsa morao-rao limmarakeng tsa tsoekere tsa malapeng le tsa kantle ho naha, boholo ba tsona li amana le linaha tse kholo tse hlahisang litholoana.Mohoebi oa tsoekere Nanning, Guangnan, o ile a bolella baqolotsi ba litaba hore ho fihlela joale, linaha tse ngata lefats'eng ka bophara li phatlalalitse lithibelo kapa lithibelo holim'a thepa ea bona ea tsoekere e tsoang linaheng tse ling, eo linaha tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa lefatše tse hlahisang le tse romelang tsoekere Brazil le India li na le phello e kholo 'marakeng. , e lateloe ke Pakistan, Thailand, Indonesia le linaha tse ling.
Ho utloisisoa hore har'a linaha tse ka holimo tse hlahisang tsoekere, India e lekanyelitse kakaretso ea palo ea tsoekere e romelloang kantle ho naha.Lebaka le fanoeng ke ho netefatsa botsitso ba phepelo ea eona ea lehae le ho thibela litheko tsa tsoekere ho nyoloha.Ho tšoana le India, Pakistan e boetse e leka ho fokotsa theko ea lichelete le ho netefatsa phepelo ea eona ea malapeng.Leha ho le joalo, Pakistan e ile ea etsa matsapa a maholo ho feta India, 'me ka ho toba e phatlalalitse thibelo e feletseng ea ho romela tsoekere e tsoang linaheng tse ling mathoasong a May.Ho ea ka pono ea Brazil, e khethehile haholoanyane.E le naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng e hlahisang tsoekere, e na le tšusumetso e kholo phepelong ea tsoekere lefatšeng ka bophara.Hajoale, khahlano le semelo sa litheko tse phahameng tsa machaba tsa oli e tala, lifeme tsa tsoekere tsa Brazil li leqe ho hlahisa tsoekere e ngata, le hoja litheko tsa tsoekere le tsona li nyolohile haholo.
Leha ho le joalo, ho na le litaba tsa hore lekhetho la peterole la Brazil le tla lebisa ho theoheng ha litheko tsa tsoekere.Mmaraka oa hajoale o ela hloko tsoelopele ea bili.Hoa utloahala hore bili ea Brazil (e ralotsoeng) e kanna ea fokotsa lekhetho la mafura, haholo-holo peterole, e ka lebisang lifeme tsa tsoekere ho tloha tlhahisong ea ethanol ho ea tlhahiso ea tsoekere, mme qetellong e theole theko ea tsoekere lefatšeng ka bophara.
Hajoale, 'muso oa Brazil o khothaletsa molao o fokotsang lekhetho la naha la ICMS la mafura ho 17%.Kaha lekhetho la hajoale la ICMS la peterole le phahame ho feta ethanol, 'me le phahame ho feta 17%, bili e tla lebisa ho theoha ha theko ea peterole.Hore e lule e le tlholisano, ethanol le eona e tlameha ho fokotsoa theko.Nakong e tlang, haeba theko ea ethanol e theoha, lifeme tse ka khonang ho hlahisa ethanol e ngata kapa tsoekere e eketsehileng ho latela theko ea 'maraka li ka fetoha tlhahiso ea tsoekere, kahoo li eketsa phepelo ea lefats'e.Litsebi li boletse hore 'marakeng oa mafura oa Sao Paulo, molao o mocha o ka fokotsa tlholisano ea ethanol ha e bapisoa le peterole ka liperesente tse 8, e leng ho etsang hore ho be thata hore litheko tsa biofuel li be le tlholisano.
Hape ho utloisisoa hore Vietnam e tla chechisa lipatlisiso tse khahlanong le ho lahla tsoekere e hloekisitsoeng ho tloha ho baahisani ba ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos le Myanmar) ho ea ho July 21, likhoeli tse peli hamorao ho feta nako ea pele ea May 21. Ho phaella moo, Indonesian mmuso o ekeditse phano ya ditumello tse ikgethang ho difeense tse hlwekisang tsa lehae le tshilo ya tswekere.Vietnam ke e 'ngoe ea tse rekisetsang tsoekere e hloekisitsoeng ka ho fetisisa Asia.Ho tloha ha 'muso o phatlalatsa ho beha litefiso tsa 47.64% ho tsoekere e hloekisitsoeng e tsoang Thailand, thepa ea eona ea tsoekere e hloekisitsoeng e tsoang Indonesia e eketsehile.Kamora hore Thailand e behe litefiso tse phahameng tsa tsoekere, tsoekere e eketsehileng e tsoang Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos le Myanmar e ile ea phallela Vietnam.
3. Khohlano lipakeng tsa peterole le theko ea tsoekere
Peterole e hloekisoa ka oli e tala.Theko ea peterole e rekisoang ke Petrobras ho barekisi e ipapisitse le theko ea theko ea kantle ho naha, e bopiloeng ke theko ea machaba ea peterole hammoho le litšenyehelo tseo morekisi a ka li jarang.Ha theko ea peterole ea lehae ea Brazil e kheloha theko ea oli ea machabeng ho isa tekanyong e itseng, Petrobras e tla fetola theko ea eona ea lehae ea peterole ea feme.Ka hona, theko ea machaba ea oli e tala e tla ama ka kotloloho litheko tsa mantlha tsa Petrobras (theko ea Karolo ea A peterole).
Ho tloha selemong sena, ho angoa ke boemo ba Russia le Ukraine, theko ea oli e tala e nyolohile haholo.Ka la 11 Hlakubele, Petrobras e phahamisitse theko ea peterole ka 18.8%.Lintlha tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso 'marakeng li bonts'a hore likoloi tsa mafura tse tenyetsehang li ka sebelisa peterole C kapa ethanol ea hydrous joalo ka mohloli oa matla.Hangata beng ba likoloi ba khetha mafura ho latela tekanyo ea theko ea ethanol / peterole.70% ke moeli o arolang.Ka holim'a moeli o arolang, ba khetha ho sebelisa peterole, ho seng joalo ba khetha ethanol.Khetho ena ea bareki ka tlhaho e tla fetisetsoa ho bahlahisi.Bakeng sa lifeme tsa 'moba, haeba theko ea oli e tala lefatšeng ka bophara e nyoloha, li tla etelletsa tlhahiso ea ethanol pele ho e-na le tsoekere.
Kakaretso ea polelo e le 'ngoe: theko ea oli e ile ea phahama - theko ea peterole e ile ea phahama Brazil - tšebeliso ea ethanol e eketsehile - tlhahiso ea tsoekere e fokotsehile - theko ea tsoekere e ile ea phahama.
Kaha ke eona e hlahisang tsoekere e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le ho e romela kantle ho naha, boemo ba Brazil 'marakeng oa lefatše oa tsoekere bo totobetse ho bohle.Le hoja tlhahiso ea tsoekere ea Brazil e le holimo, boemo ba eona ba tšebeliso ea malapeng bo ikarabella ka tlase ho 30% ea tlhahiso.Theko ya yona ya ho romela kantle e etsa karolo e fetang 70% ya tlhahiso ya tswekere ya naha, le ho feta 40% ya diyantle tsa lefatshe.Leha ho le joalo, phoso ke hore, ho fapana le mabaka a mangata a etsang qeto ea ho phahama le ho theoha ha thepa, kamano ea phepelo le tlhokahalo ea litheko tsa tsoekere ha e hlile ha e bontše liphetoho tsa litheko tsa tsoekere lefatšeng ka bophara.Lintlha tse amehang li rarahane haholoanyane.Ka kakaretso, e amana le khatello e feteletseng ea tlhahiso ea tsoekere lefatšeng ka bophara le ho ea kantle ho naha.Ka hona, haeba u batla ho tseba mokhoa oa theko ea tsoekere, u tlameha ho e sheba hammoho le Brazil, mohlahisi ea ka sehloohong oa tsoekere.
CICC e entse qeto e emelang: mecheng ea litheko tsa tsoekere ea lefats'e, ntlha ea bohlokoa ea theko ea tsoekere ea Brazil e ka lehlakoreng la phepelo, eseng lehlakoreng la tlhoko.Ho latela pono ea mantlha ea lehae, tšebeliso ea lapeng ea Brazil e ntse e tsitsitse lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me matla a phepelo a phahame haholo ho feta a tlhokahalo.Ka hona, phepelong ea nako e telele ea phepelo le tlhokahalo, phetoho e nyane lehlakoreng la phepelo ke senotlolo sa ho tseba theko ea tsoekere ea Brazil, hape ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e amang theko ea tsoekere ea machabeng.Mabapi le theko ea tsoekere ea machaba, tlas'a tebello ea lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa Brazil, ho ea ka ponelopele ea USDA, tlhahiso ea tsoekere ea lefats'e ka 2022/23 e tla boela e eketsehe ka 0.94% selemo le selemo ho ea ho lithane tse limilione tse 183, e ntse e le boemong ba ho feta.
Ka mantsoe a mang, mabapi le boemo ba hona joale, ho ke ke ha e-ba le khaello ea lijo.Bakeng sa 'maraka oa hona joale oa tsoekere, ho na le ho hanyetsana pakeng tsa keketseho ea tlhahiso linaheng tse kholo tse hlahisang lihlahisoa le ho phahama ha theko ea matla.Leha ho le joalo, ha nako e ntse e ea, liphetoho tsa mantlha tse tlisoang ke theko ea oli e tala li tla ba le phello e kholo thekong ea tsoekere.Ka molemo oa lintlha tse ling tse kholo, tsoekere e tala ea nako e telele e lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho hola ka matla hammoho le theko ea oli.
JinDun Chemicale ikemiselitse ho nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea li-acrylate monomers tse khethehileng le lik'hemik'hale tse khethehileng tse nang le fluorine.JinDun Chemical e na le li-OEM tse sebetsanang le limela tsa Jiangsu, Anhui le libakeng tse ling tse 'nileng tsa sebelisana ka lilemo tse mashome, ho fana ka tšehetso e tiileng haholoanyane bakeng sa litšebeletso tsa tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale tse khethehileng.JinDun Chemical e tsitlallela ho theha sehlopha se nang le litoro, ho etsa lihlahisoa tse nang le seriti, tse hlokolosi, tse thata, 'me li tsoele pele ho ba molekane ea tšepahalang le motsoalle oa bareki!Leka ho etsalisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lik'hemik'haletlisa bokamoso bo molemo lefatšeng!
Nako ea poso: Nov-22-2022